Skunkware 5/Skunkware 5.iso/man/cat.1/elmalias.1

Text File | 1995-07-26 | 17.1 KB | 397 lines

     EEEELLLLMMMMAAAALLLLIIIIAAAASSSS((((1111LLLL))))UUUUSSSSEEEENNNNEEEETTTT CCCCoooommmmmmmmuuuunnnniiiittttyyyy TTTTrrrruuuusssstttt ((((EEEEllllmmmm VVVVeeeerrrrssssiiiioooonnnn 2222....4444)))) EEEELLLLMMMMAAAALLLLIIIIAAAASSSS((((1111LLLL))))



     NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
          elmalias - expand and display Elm address aliases

     SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
          eeeellllmmmmaaaalllliiiiaaaassss [ ----aaaaddddeeeennnnrrrrssssuuuuvvvvVVVV ] [ ----ffff format ] [ name  ... ]

          $_l_i_b/pppprrrrlllloooonnnngggg [ options ... ] < _f_i_l_e

     DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
          _E_l_m_a_l_i_a_s allows you to examine information about aliases.
          The alias databases are consulted for each _n_a_m_e on the
          command line, and the alias value is displayed, one value
          per line of output.  If _n_a_m_e is not a known alias, then it
          is displayed unchanged.  If no _n_a_m_e is given on the command
          line then all alias values in the databases are displayed.
          All of these actions are default behaviors that may be
          modified by command line options.

          There are two possible alias databases, a user-specific
          alias file (usually in $_H_O_M_E/._e_l_m/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s) and a system-wide
          alias file (usually in $_l_i_b/_a_l_i_a_s_e_s).  By default both files
          are searched, first the user-specific file and then the
          system-wide file.  If an alias file does not exist then
          _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s silently ignores it and continues on.  The ----ssss and
          ----uuuu command line options (discussed shortly) can restrict
          what files are files searched.

          There are two types of aliases, Person aliases and Group
          aliases.  A Person alias expands to an individual address
          and a Group alias contains a list of addresses, some of
          which may be aliases.  By default, _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s displays the
          defined value of an alias, regardless of type.  The ----eeee
          command line option (discussed shortly) fully expands out
          Group aliases.

          The default output produced is just the ``Address''
          information for each _n_a_m_e on the command line.  A number of
          command line options (discussed shortly) may be used to
          select different output information or specify a format of
          your choosing.  The following information is maintained in
          the alias databases, and may be accessed by the _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s
          utility:

               o+ Alias (the alias name)
               o+ Last Name
               o+ Name (the user's full name)
               o+ Comment (not displayed in mail headers)
               o+ Address (the alias value)
               o+ Type (Person, Group, or Unknown)


          When the _n_a_m_e specified on the command line is not a known



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          alias, both the ``Alias'' and ``Address'' information will
          display as the _n_a_m_e, the ``Type'' information will display
          as ``Unknown'', and all other items will be blank.

          The available command line options are:

          ----aaaa   Selects an alternative output format.  The ``Alias''
               information is displayed in addition to and preceding
               the usual ``Address'' information.

          ----dddd   Turns debugging on. Has no effect unless _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s was
               compiled with debugging enabled.

          ----eeee   Tells _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s to fully expand group aliases.  This
               option can be used only when _n_a_m_es are given on the
               command line.

          ----ffff   The output produced will be in the specified _f_o_r_m_a_t.
               Format specifications will be discussed shortly.

          ----nnnn   Selects an alternative output format.  The ``Name''
               information, if it exists, is displayed in addition to
               and following the usual ``Address'' information.  The
               ``Name'' will be enclosed in parenthesis.

          ----rrrr   If a specified _n_a_m_e does not correspond to a known
               alias then _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s will display a message and exit
               with a nonzero status.

          ----ssss   Normally _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s examines both the user-specific and
               system-wide alias files.  This option requests that
               _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s use the system-wide alias file, and unless the
               ----uuuu option is also specified the user-specific alias
               file will be ignored.

          ----uuuu   Normally _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s examines both the user-specific and
               system-wide alias files.  This option requests that
               _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s use the user-specific alias file, and unless
               the ----ssss option is also specified the system-wide alias
               file will be ignored.

          ----vvvv   Selects a verbose output format.  Both the ``Alias''
               and the ``Name'' information will be displayed in
               addition to the ``Address'' information.  The ``Alias''
               information will precede the ``Address'' information,
               and the ``Name'' information will be enclosed in
               parenthesis and follow it.  If there is no ``Name''
               information for this alias then that portion of the
               output will be ignored.

          ----VVVV   Selects a very verbose, multi-line output format.
               Displays all available information on aliases.



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          The output produced by _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s is fully customizable with
          the ----ffff option.  The _f_o_r_m_a_t string uses a syntax similar to
          _d_a_t_e(_1) (System V version) and _p_r_i_n_t_f(_3).  The following
          field descriptors may be used in _f_o_r_m_a_t specifications:

               %a   Alias (the alias name)
               %l   Last Name
               %n   Name (the user's full name)
               %c   Comment (not displayed in mail headers)
               %v   Address (the alias value)
               %t   Type (Person, Group, or Unknown)

          Field widths in a [-][_m][._n] format (again, similar to
          _p_r_i_n_t_f(_3)) may also be used.  For example, "%-20.20a" means
          print the ``Alias'' information left justified in a field
          twenty characters long, with the value truncated to twenty
          characters.

          The following special character sequences are also
          recognized in format specifications:

               \b   A backspace.
               \f   A formfeed.
               \n   A newline.
               \r   A return.
               \t   A tab.
               \_c   Literal character ``_c''.

          There is a very simplistic conditional evaluation mechanism
          that may be used in format specifications.  The conditional
          text should be surrounded by question marks, and a single
          character that specifies the condition immediately follows
          the first question mark.  The condition characters
          correspond to the ``%'' field specifier characters, and the
          condition is true if the corresponding alias information is
          defined and nonempty.  For example, if you want to display
          the ``Name'' information surrounded by parenthesis, but omit
          it if the information is not available, you may use
          ``?n(%n)?'' in the format specification.

          The command line switches that select an alternative format
          correspond to the following format specifiers.

               _d_e_f_a_u_l_t   "%v"
               -a   "%-20.20a %v"
               -n   "%v?n (%n)?"
               -v   "%-20.20a %v?n (%n)?"
               -V   "Alias:\t\t%a\n\
                      Address:\t%v\n\
                      Type:\t\t%t\n\
                    ?n  Name:\t\t%n\n?\
                    ?l  Last Name:\t%l\n?\



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                    ?c  Comment:\t%c\n?"


          The _p_r_l_o_n_g utility formats long amounts of data, folding
          across multiple lines.  It is useful to reformat output of
          _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s.  _P_r_l_o_n_g reads data from its standard input, one
          line at a time, and tries to place as much information as
          possible on each output line.  A field seperator, by default
          a single space, seperates each input record in the output
          lines.  Every output line is preceded by a leader field.  By
          default the leader of the first output line is an empty
          string, and the leader for all subsequent output lines is a
          single tab.  _p_r_l_o_n_g will never split an input record.  If an
          input record exceeds the maximum output line length, it will
          appear unmodified on an output line all by itself.

          The following options may be used to modify the _p_r_l_o_n_g
          behavior.

          ----wwww _w_i_d_t_h    Constrains output lines to _w_i_d_t_h columns in
                      length (not counting an appended newline
                      character).  The default is 78 columns.  The
                      width calculation assumes that tabstops occur
                      every eight spaces.

          ----ffff _s_t_r_i_n_g   Seperates each input record with the indicated
                      _s_t_r_i_n_g when displayed to the output.  The
                      default is a single space.

          ----1111 _s_t_r_i_n_g   Specifies the leader _s_t_r_i_n_g used for the first
                      line of output.  (This option is the digit
                      ``one''.) The default is an empty string.

          ----llll _s_t_r_i_n_g   Specifies the leader _s_t_r_i_n_g for all subsequent
                      lines of output.  (This option is a lower-case
                      ``ell''.) The default is a single tab.

     EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS
          Consider an _a_l_i_a_s_e_s._t_e_x_t file that contains:

               friends = List of Friends = tom, dick, harry
               tom = Tom Smith = sleepy!tom
               dick = Dick Jones = dopey!dick
               harry = = grumpy!harry

          Below are shown some example commands and the output
          produced.

               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s _f_r_i_e_n_d_s
               tom,dick,harry
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s _m_i_k_e
               mike



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               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_r _m_i_k_e
               elmalias: "mike" is not a known alias
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_n _f_r_i_e_n_d_s
               tom,dick,harry (List of Friends)
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_a _f_r_i_e_n_d_s
               friends              tom,dick,harry
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_V _f_r_i_e_n_d_s
               Alias:          friends
                 Address:      tom,dick,harry
                 Type:         Group
                 Name:         List of Friends
                 Last Name:    List of Friends
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_e _f_r_i_e_n_d_s
               [e-mail]
               [e-mail]
               [e-mail]
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_v_e _f_r_i_e_n_d_s
               tom                  [e-mail] (Tom Smith)
               dick                 [e-mail] (Dick Jones)
               harry                [e-mail]
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_f "_a_l_i_a_s %_a _i_s \"%_v\" ?_n(%_n)?" -_e _f_r_i_e_n_d_s
               alias tom is "[e-mail]" (Tom Smith)
               alias dick is "[e-mail]" (Dick Jones)
               alias harry is "[e-mail]"
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_e_n _f_r_i_e_n_d_s | /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_e_l_m/_p_r_l_o_n_g -_w_4_0
               [e-mail] (Tom Smith)
                       [e-mail] (Dick Jones)
                       [e-mail]
               $ _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s -_e_n _f_r_i_e_n_d_s | /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_e_l_m/_p_r_l_o_n_g -_1 "_T_o: " -_f ", " -_w_4_0
               To: [e-mail] (Tom Smith),
                       [e-mail] (Dick Jones),
                       [e-mail]


          The _c_h_e_c_k_a_l_i_a_s(1L) and _l_i_s_t_a_l_i_a_s(1L) scripts distributed
          with the Elm package provide further examples of the
          _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s and _p_r_l_o_n_g utilities.

     AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR
          Elm Development Group

     SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
          checkalias(1L), elm(1L), listalias(1L), newalias(1L)

     BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
          There is no centralized, comprehensive interface to the Elm
          2.4 alias system, so every program in the Elm suite that
          uses aliases implements its own interfaces.  It's possible
          for inconsistencies to creep in between what _e_l_m_a_l_i_a_s says
          and what some Elm utility does.  If you find an
          inconsistency please report it to us!




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          Boy, there sure are a lot of command line switches in this
          thing.

          Note that the precedence of aliases is user file then system
          file.  This means that a user can 'overload' an alias by
          having one defined in the system file also defined in
          theirs.  This shouldn't turn out to be a problem, but is
          something for the system administrator to keep in mind when
          creating the system alias file.

     BBBBUUUUGGGG RRRREEEEPPPPOOOORRRRTTTTSSSS TTTTOOOO
          Syd Weinstein  [e-mail]    (dsinc!elm)

     CCCCOOOOPPPPYYYYRRRRIIIIGGGGHHHHTTTTSSSS
          Copyright 1993 by The USENET Community Trust








































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